Interference of first language in the acquisition of

second language

Avanika Sinha*, Niroj Banerjee, Ambalika Sinha and Rajesh Kumar Shastri

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Allahabad-

211004

            The writer found that there are some difficulties will be faced by the second language learners due to the interference of their first language aquisition. This interference is indicated with many errors, there are: developmental error, ambigou error, and unique error. This research believes that  the  the role of L1 in the L2 depends on some similarities and differences between the two languages. So if the first language has more simmilarities with the target language means it gives positive effect, but if the simmilarities is less than the differences means it gives negatif effect which called with 1 language interference.

            To sum up, both of researches about The Interference of First Language and Second Language Acquisition and Interference of First Language in the Acquisition of Second Language believes that the first language acquisition has interference on second language because there are a lot of differences between these two language either the grammatical form, phonology and vocabulary

Source : http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1379761693_Sinha%20et%20al.pdf

The Interference of First Language and Second Language Acquisition

Ali Derakhshan

Department of English Language and Literature, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran

Elham Karimi

Department of English Language Teaching, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran;

Department of English Language Teaching, Golestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan,Iran.

The language which is acquired during early childhood starting before the age of about 3 years is first language. First language has different names such as, mother tongue, native language and primary language. First language acquisition is the first  language that we recognized  before another language or commonly we called it home language. Every people took a long period in this learning process, they have to  follow every step of learning their  first language simultaneously with their age. In the last step, they may communicate fluently in all context by using their first language. The individual may  have an accent and use idiomatic expression and grammatical , when  they can create a success communication by using their first language, so this is what we called acquisition.

             Second language acquisition is the next language that learned by people after their first language or home language. Second language has many differents patterns with the first language. This differentiation, makes low the acquisition of second language learners because of the interference of learner first language.

First language influence may  be an indicator of low acquisition, or the result of the performer attempting to produce before having acquired enough of the target language. It is not surprisingly, found most often in foreign language, as opposed to second language situations. A learner has difficulties in second language such as phonology, vocabulary and grammar due to the interference of habits from L1 and L2 (Beardsmore, 1982).Those errors that occur in learning debate in second language cause interference which are categorized asfollows:1. Developmental errors: the errors that are not related to learner’s first language.2.Ambiguous errors: the errors that involve interference and developmental errors. Interference is the result of old habits of the firstlanguage, and it must be unlearned before the learning of the new hobbits of second language (Dualy, Burt, &Krashen,1982).

            The learner of second language tend to transfer the forms, meaning and culture of their L1 to the foreign language and culture when attempting to speak the language. when negative transfer occurs, we can study learners with different native language and compare them to find out the effect of L1 in learning a second language. First language can be considered as a tool for language acquisition to solve learning and communication problems.

Source  :  437-1706-1-PB (3)pdf

Laporan Penjualan dengan Menggunakan Modal Rp.10.000

Usaha dengan Modal Rp.10.000

Membuka Usaha dengan Modal Rp.10.000

            Uang Rp.10.000 yang telah saya pinjam dari Bank akan saya gunakan untuk membuka usaha, dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang besar. Saya mulai dengan berjualannutijell. Makanan yang saya pilih disini adalah jenis agar-agar yang banyak  diminati oleh semua orang, yang dimana makanan ini saya jual sesuai dengan harga murah selain dengan lezat juga bergizi. Dan hasil penjualan ini akan saya rangkum di laporan penjualan dibawah ini :

Laporan Penjualan      :

1.      Hari Pertama (Sabtu, 21 November 2015)

Saya menjual nutrijel ini dengan harga 1 cup nya Rp.1000,-, karena saya menitipkannya pada ibu-ibu yang juga berjualan,jadi ibu tersebut mengambil keuntungan Rp.200,- dari setiap cup nya.  

No	Hari Pertama 21 November 2015	Bahan	Pengeluaran	Pendapatan
1	Modal	1 sachet nutrijel	4000
		35 cup nutrijel	3000
		Gula ¼ kg	3000
2	Total Pengeluaran
3	Pendapatan			Rp 28.000,-

  Keterangan:

·         Harga nutrijel: 1000/cup

2.      Hari Kedua (Senin, 23  November 2015)

Di hari kedua saya menambah produksi saya menjadi 70 cup nutrijel, namun ada 5 cup yang tidak habis terjual

No	Hari Kedua 24  November 2015	Bahan	Pengeluaran	Pendapatan
1	Modal	2 sachet nutrijel	8.000
		cup nutrijel	10.000
		Gula 1 kg	10.000
2	Total Pengeluaran		28.000
3	Pendapatan			Rp 52.000,-

Keterangan:

·         Dengan menggunakan pendapatan 28.000 di hari sabtu, saya menghabiskan semuanya untuk       membeli bahan untuk produksi selanjutnya

3.      Hari Ketiga (selasa, 24 November 2015)

Di hari ketiga saya masih ingin menambah keuntungan dengan menambah produksi, saya yakin dagangan saya akan laris. Jadi saya menambah produksi nutrijel hingga 105 cup yang saya jual di 2 warung, namun persen yang diambil oleh pihak warung sama yaitu 200,-.

No	Hari Ketiga	Bahan	Pengeluaran	Pendapatan
1	Modal	3 sachet nutrijel	8.000
		cup nutrijel	10.000
2	Total Pengeluaran		22.000
3	Pendapatan			Rp 84.000,-

Keterangan :

-          Saya tidak membeli gula lagi karena masih ada persediaan gula

-          Modal untuk hari ini saya ambil dari 52.000 yang saya dapatkan di hari kemarin

4.      Hari Keempat (Rabu, 25 November 2015)

            Di hari rabu ini saya kurang sehat, jadi saya hanya memproduksi 70 cup nutrijel yang saya             titip di 1 warung

No	Hari  Keempat	Bahan	Pengeluaran	Pendapatan
1	Modal	2 sachet nutrijel	8.000
		cup nutrijel	10.000
2	Total Pengeluaran		28.000
3	Pendapatan			Rp 56.000,-

Keterangan:

Di hari ini saya juga tidak membeli gula, karena persediaan gula masih ada

5.      Hari Kelima (Kamis, 26 November 2015)

Di hari kelima ini, karena saya kembali memproduksi 105 cup nutrijell. Hari ini dagangan saya laris semua, sehingga saya mendapatkan keuntungan

No	Hari Kelima	Bahan	Pengeluaran	Pendapatan
1	Modal	3 sachet nutrijel	8.000
		cup nutrijel	10.000
2	Total Pengeluaran		18.000
3	Pendapatan			Rp,84.000,-

          

6.      Hari Keenam (Jum’at, 27 November 2015)

Di hari keenam, karena ini hari terakhir batas waktu jualan saya dan saya harus melaporkan hasilnya pada bank di hari ini, jadi saya memproduksi 105 cup nutrijell

No	Hari Keenam	Bahan	Pengeluaran	Pendapatan
1	Modal	2 sachet nutrijel	8.000
		cup nutrijel	10.000
		Gula ¼ kg	3.000
2	Total Pengeluaran		21.000
3	Pendapatan			Rp 84.000,-

Rangkuman Laporan Penjualan :

Keterangan	Pengeluaran	Pendapatan
sHari Pertama		10.000
	10.000	28.000
Hari Kedua	28.000	52.000
Hari Ketiga	22.000	84.000
Hari Keempat	28.000	56.000
Hari Kelima	18.000	84.000
Hari Keenam	21.000	84.000
Total Pengeluaran	127.000
Total Pendapatan		388.000
Modal Awal	10.000
Laba Bersih		261.000

Jadi, Keuntungan yang saya peroleh selama seminggu dengan modal Rp.10.000 adalah Rp.261.000,-